Algorithm

1. What is an Algorithm?

An algorithm is a step-by-step set of instructions used to solve a problem or complete a task.

Example: Algorithm to make tea:

1. Take water in a pan.

2. Boil the water.

3. Add tea leaves.

4. Add milk and sugar.

5. Boil for a few minutes.

6. Strain and serve.

2. Characteristics of an Algorithm

A good algorithm should have:

Input: It may take one or more inputs.

Output: It should produce a result.

Definiteness: Every step should be clear and unambiguous.

Finiteness: It must end after a finite number of steps.

Effectiveness: Each step should be simple and possible to perform.

3. Why Do We Use Algorithms?

Algorithms help us to:

Solve problems systematically.

Understand the solution before programming.

Find and correct mistakes easily.

Convert a problem into a computer program.

Save time and effort.

4. Algorithm vs. Program

5. Example: Add Two Numbers

Problem: Find the sum of two numbers.

Algorithm:

1. Start.

2. Enter the first number A.

3. Enter the second number B.

4. Calculate SUM = A + B.

5. Display SUM.

6. Stop.

6. Example: Find the Greater of Two Numbers

Algorithm:

1. Start.

2. Enter two numbers A and B.

3. Compare A and B.

4. If A > B, display A as the greater number.

5. Otherwise, display B as the greater number.

6. Stop.

7. Steps for Writing an Algorithm

Understand the problem → Identify inputs → Decide the required process → Identify output → Write clear steps → Check the solution

Quick Revision

Algorithm = Step-by-step instructions to solve a problem.

Remember:

Input → Processing → Output

This is the basic concept you should learn before moving to Flowcharts.