Algorithm

1. What is an Algorithm?

An algorithm is a step-by-step set of instructions used to solve a problem or complete a task.

Example: Algorithm to make tea:

1. Take water in a pan.
2. Boil the water.
3.  Add tea leaves.
4.  Add milk and sugar.
5.  Boil for a few minutes.
6.  Strain and serve.

2. Characteristics of an Algorithm

A good algorithm should have:

1. Input: It may take one or more inputs.
2. Output: It should produce a result.
3. Definiteness: Every step should be clear and unambiguous.
4. Finiteness: It must end after a finite number of steps.
5. Effectiveness: Each step should be simple and possible to perform.

3. Why Do We Use Algorithms?

Algorithms help us to:

• Solve problems systematically.
• Understand the solution before programming.
• Find and correct mistakes easily.
• Convert a problem into a computer program.
• Save time and effort.

4. Algorithm vs. Program

5. Example: Add Two Numbers

Problem: Find the sum of two numbers.

Algorithm:

1. Start.
2. Enter the first number A.
3. Enter the second number B.
4. Calculate SUM = A + B.
5. Display SUM.
6. Stop.

6. Example: Find the Greater of Two Numbers

Algorithm:

• Start.
• Enter two numbers A and B.
• Compare A and B.
• If A > B, display A as the greater number.
• Otherwise, display B as the greater number.
• Stop.

7. Steps for Writing an Algorithm

Understand the problem → Identify inputs → Decide the required process → Identify output → Write clear steps → Check the solution

Quick Revision

Algorithm = Step-by-step instructions to solve a problem.

Remember:

• Input → Processing → Output
• This is the basic concept you should learn before moving to Flowcharts.