A. Tick (✓) the correct option
1. Which one of the following represents human environment?
✅ (c) city
2. The uneven terrain of highland areas results in –
✅ (a) dispersed settlement
3. Transportation is helpful for the –
✅ (a) industrialisation of a place
4. The floating towns are –
✅ (d) shikaras of Kashmir
5. HBJ pipelines is used for the transportation of –
✅ (d) natural gas
B. Fill in the blanks:
1. Road transport is used for short distances.
2. Pipelines are commonly used for transportation of liquid materials.
3. Metro is available in large cities like Delhi and Kolkata.
4. Nomads are completely dependent on the natural environment to satisfy their basic needs.
5. Satellites provide communication services even to the remote areas of the country.
C. Write True or False:
1. Pipelines are the most important means for transporting solid goods.
❌ False
2. Metro rails are the fastest and the most comfortable means of transport in metropolitan cities.
✅ True
3. Waterways are the cheapest mode of transport.
✅ True
4. In ancient times, cultivation was common in the hilly areas only.
❌ False
5. Plains are the least favourable location for the establishment of compact settlements.
❌ False
D. Answer the following questions in brief:
1. What are wet point settlements?
Ans: Settlements that develop near sources of water like rivers, lakes or springs are called wet point settlements.
2. Explain the term ‘transportation’. Name the various means of transportation.
Ans: Transportation means the movement of people and goods from one place to another.
The means of transportation are roadways, railways, waterways, airways and pipelines.
3. What is the importance of means of communication?
Ans: Means of communication help people to share information, ideas and messages quickly over long distances.
4. Give two advantages of electrification of railways.
It reduces pollution.
It is cheaper and faster than diesel engines.
5. Mention two advantages of waterways over airways.
Waterways are cheaper.
They can carry heavy and bulky goods.
E. Answer the following questions:
1. What are the various factors responsible for permanent settlements?
Ans: Availability of water, fertile land, favourable climate, transport facilities, security and employment opportunities.
2. What are the various advantages of roadways over other means of transport?
Ans: Provide door-to-door service
Cheaper for short distances
Connect rural and urban areas
Easy to construct and maintain
3. Explain how transportation and communication help in the economic development of a country.
Ans: Transportation helps in the movement of raw materials and finished goods, promoting trade and industry.
Communication helps in sharing information quickly, improving business, administration and social development.
4. What was the impact of the discovery of fire, wheel and iron on human civilisations?
An: Fire helped in cooking and protection.
The wheel improved transportation.
Iron tools increased agricultural and industrial production.
5. How has computer technology revolutionised the process of communication?
Ans: Computers have made communication faster, cheaper and global through emails, video calls, internet and social media.
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